{
  "study": {
    "slug": "fertility-in-the-eu",
    "title": "In No EU Country Are Enough Babies Born to Replace Their Parents",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/studies/fertility-in-the-eu"
  },
  "table": 1,
  "language": "en",
  "caption": "Total fertility rate, 2024",
  "valueHeading": "Children per woman",
  "selection": "Three highest and three lowest of the 27 EU Member States, with the EU aggregate for reference. Replacement level is approximately 2.1.",
  "decimals": 2,
  "referenceLabel": "EU average",
  "note": "No Member State reaches replacement level, so the reference line for 2.1 falls outside the range of every value on this chart.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "Fertility indicators",
    "code": "demo_find",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "indic_de": "TOTFERRT",
      "time": "2024"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-10-01",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-30",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/demo_find",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_find/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Bulgaria",
      "value": 1.72,
      "gap_to_reference": 0.38,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "France",
      "value": 1.61,
      "gap_to_reference": 0.27,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": "p"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Slovenia",
      "value": 1.52,
      "gap_to_reference": 0.18,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "European Union",
      "value": 1.34,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": "ep"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Lithuania",
      "value": 1.11,
      "gap_to_reference": -0.23,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Spain",
      "value": 1.1,
      "gap_to_reference": -0.24,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Malta",
      "value": 1.01,
      "gap_to_reference": -0.33,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    }
  ]
}