{
  "study": {
    "slug": "gdp-per-capita-in-the-eu",
    "title": "GDP per Head Makes Luxembourg and Ireland Look Richer Than They Are",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/studies/gdp-per-capita-in-the-eu"
  },
  "table": 1,
  "language": "en",
  "caption": "GDP per capita in purchasing power standards, 2025",
  "valueHeading": "Index, EU27 = 100",
  "selection": "Three highest and three lowest of the 27 EU Member States, with the EU average for reference.",
  "decimals": 0,
  "referenceLabel": "EU average",
  "note": "Luxembourg and Ireland are shown because they are the published values, not because they describe living standards: the first counts output produced by cross-border commuters against a resident population that excludes them, the second includes multinational profit and intellectual property flows with no matching domestic activity.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "GDP per capita in PPS",
    "code": "tec00114",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "indic_ppp": "VI_PPS_EU27_2020_HAB",
      "ppp_cat18": "GDP",
      "time": "2025"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-08-11",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-07-09",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/tec00114",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tec00114/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Luxembourg",
      "value": 239,
      "gap_to_reference": 139,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": "p"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Ireland",
      "value": 238,
      "gap_to_reference": 138,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Netherlands",
      "value": 133,
      "gap_to_reference": 33,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "European Union",
      "value": 100,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Latvia",
      "value": 71,
      "gap_to_reference": -29,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Bulgaria",
      "value": 68,
      "gap_to_reference": -32,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": "p"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Greece",
      "value": 68,
      "gap_to_reference": -32,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": "p"
    }
  ]
}