{
  "study": {
    "slug": "income-leaving-the-economy-in-the-eu",
    "title": "Ireland Pays Out More Income Abroad Than It Receives, a Net 28.6% of GDP",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/studies/income-leaving-the-economy-in-the-eu"
  },
  "table": 1,
  "language": "en",
  "caption": "Primary income balance, 2025",
  "valueHeading": "% of GDP",
  "selection": "Three highest and three lowest EU Member States. Eurostat publishes no EU aggregate for this series, so the ranking carries no reference row.",
  "decimals": 1,
  "referenceLabel": null,
  "note": "A negative value means more investment income and wages leave the country than enter it. This is the gap between what an economy produces and what its residents receive.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "Main Balance of Payments items as share of GDP (BPM6)",
    "code": "bop_gdp6_q",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "unit": "PC_GDP",
      "s_adj": "NSA",
      "bop_item": "IN1",
      "stk_flow": "BAL",
      "partner": "WRL_REST",
      "time": "2025"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-10-03",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-02",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/bop_gdp6_q",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bop_gdp6_q/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Sweden",
      "value": 4.8,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Germany",
      "value": 3.5,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Denmark",
      "value": 2.5,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Cyprus",
      "value": -15,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Ireland",
      "value": -28.6,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Luxembourg",
      "value": -29.3,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    }
  ]
}