{
  "study": {
    "slug": "migrant-employment-gap-in-the-eu",
    "title": "Employment of Non-EU-Born Adults Trails the Native-Born by 8.6 Points in the EU and by 16.9 in Finland",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/studies/migrant-employment-gap-in-the-eu"
  },
  "table": 1,
  "language": "en",
  "caption": "Employment gap between the native-born and the non-EU-born, aged 20-64, 2025",
  "valueHeading": "percentage points",
  "selection": "Three widest and three most reversed gaps among the 26 EU Member States that publish both rates, with the EU aggregate for reference.",
  "decimals": 1,
  "referenceLabel": "EU average",
  "note": "Derived by Silver Data Lab: the published employment rate of the native-born minus that of people born outside the EU. A negative value means the non-EU-born are more likely to be in work. Malta publishes no breakdown by country of birth.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "Employment rates by country of birth",
    "code": "lfsa_ergacob",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "unit": "PC",
      "sex": "T",
      "age": "Y20-64",
      "c_birth": "TOTAL, NAT, EU27_2020_FOR, NEU27_2020_FOR",
      "time": "2025"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-09-17",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-10",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/lfsa_ergacob",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfsa_ergacob/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Finland",
      "value": 16.9,
      "gap_to_reference": 8.3,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Netherlands",
      "value": 16.1,
      "gap_to_reference": 7.5,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Bulgaria",
      "value": 15.5,
      "gap_to_reference": 6.9,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "European Union",
      "value": 8.6,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Luxembourg",
      "value": -0.4,
      "gap_to_reference": -9,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Poland",
      "value": -4.8,
      "gap_to_reference": -13.4,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Slovakia",
      "value": -6.5,
      "gap_to_reference": -15.1,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    }
  ]
}