{
  "study": {
    "slug": "pension-spending-in-the-eu",
    "title": "Italy Spends a Larger Share of GDP on Pensions Than Any Other EU Country",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/fr/etudes/depenses-de-pensions-dans-l-ue"
  },
  "table": 1,
  "language": "fr",
  "caption": "Dépenses de pensions, 2024",
  "valueHeading": "% du PIB",
  "selection": "Les trois parts les plus élevées et les trois plus faibles parmi les 27 États membres de l'UE, avec l'agrégat de l'UE en référence.",
  "decimals": 2,
  "referenceLabel": "valeur UE",
  "note": "L'agrégat de l'UE est provisoire, tout comme la valeur de l'Allemagne, qui ne figure pas ici ; celle de la Lettonie, absente elle aussi, est estimée. Le PIB irlandais inclut des bénéfices que des groupes multinationaux comptabilisent dans le pays, ce qui abaisse tout ratio rapporté à ce PIB.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "Expenditure on pensions as percentage of GDP",
    "code": "tps00103",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "unit": "PC_GDP",
      "spdepm": "TOTAL",
      "spdepb": "TOTAL"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-10-08",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/tps00103",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00103/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Italie",
      "value": 15.91,
      "gap_to_reference": 3.29,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Autriche",
      "value": 15.56,
      "gap_to_reference": 2.94,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "France",
      "value": 15.06,
      "gap_to_reference": 2.44,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "Union européenne",
      "value": 12.62,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": "p"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Hongrie",
      "value": 7.04,
      "gap_to_reference": -5.58,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Malte",
      "value": 5.08,
      "gap_to_reference": -7.54,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Irlande",
      "value": 4.04,
      "gap_to_reference": -8.58,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    }
  ]
}