{
  "study": {
    "slug": "pension-spending-in-the-eu",
    "title": "Italy Spends a Larger Share of GDP on Pensions Than Any Other EU Country",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/de/studien/rentenausgaben-in-der-eu"
  },
  "table": 2,
  "language": "de",
  "caption": "Veränderung der Rentenausgaben, 2013 bis 2024",
  "valueHeading": "Prozentpunkte des BIP, 2024 minus 2013",
  "selection": "Die vier stärksten Anstiege und die vier stärksten Rückgänge unter den 27 EU-Mitgliedstaaten, mit der Veränderung des EU-Aggregats als Bezugswert.",
  "decimals": 2,
  "referenceLabel": "EU-Wert",
  "note": "Von Silver Data Lab abgeleitet: der veröffentlichte Anteil jedes Landes für 2024 minus sein veröffentlichter Anteil für 2013. Der EU-Wert für 2013 ist eine Schätzung von Eurostat, der für 2024 ist vorläufig. Ungarn, hier nicht gezeigt, hat 2015 einen Bruch in seiner Reihe.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "Expenditure on pensions as percentage of GDP",
    "code": "tps00103",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "unit": "PC_GDP",
      "spdepm": "TOTAL",
      "spdepb": "TOTAL"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-10-08",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/tps00103",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00103/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Finnland",
      "value": 1.46,
      "gap_to_reference": 1.99,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Luxemburg",
      "value": 1.24,
      "gap_to_reference": 1.77,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Belgien",
      "value": 1.22,
      "gap_to_reference": 1.75,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Estland",
      "value": 1.21,
      "gap_to_reference": 1.74,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "Europäische Union",
      "value": -0.53,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Portugal",
      "value": -2.64,
      "gap_to_reference": -2.11,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Griechenland",
      "value": -2.83,
      "gap_to_reference": -2.3,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "name": "Malta",
      "value": -3.2,
      "gap_to_reference": -2.67,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "name": "Irland",
      "value": -3.89,
      "gap_to_reference": -3.36,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    }
  ]
}