{
  "study": {
    "slug": "pension-spending-in-the-eu",
    "title": "Italy Spends a Larger Share of GDP on Pensions Than Any Other EU Country",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/fr/etudes/depenses-de-pensions-dans-l-ue"
  },
  "table": 2,
  "language": "fr",
  "caption": "Variation des dépenses de pensions, de 2013 à 2024",
  "valueHeading": "points de pourcentage du PIB, 2024 moins 2013",
  "selection": "Les quatre plus fortes hausses et les quatre plus fortes baisses parmi les 27 États membres de l'UE, avec la variation de l'agrégat de l'UE en référence.",
  "decimals": 2,
  "referenceLabel": "valeur UE",
  "note": "Valeurs dérivées par Silver Data Lab : la part publiée de chaque pays pour 2024 moins sa part publiée pour 2013. La valeur de l'UE pour 2013 est une estimation d'Eurostat, celle de 2024 une valeur provisoire. La Hongrie, qui ne figure pas ici, présente une rupture de série en 2015.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "Expenditure on pensions as percentage of GDP",
    "code": "tps00103",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "unit": "PC_GDP",
      "spdepm": "TOTAL",
      "spdepb": "TOTAL"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-10-08",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/tps00103",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00103/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Finlande",
      "value": 1.46,
      "gap_to_reference": 1.99,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Luxembourg",
      "value": 1.24,
      "gap_to_reference": 1.77,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Belgique",
      "value": 1.22,
      "gap_to_reference": 1.75,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Estonie",
      "value": 1.21,
      "gap_to_reference": 1.74,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "Union européenne",
      "value": -0.53,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Portugal",
      "value": -2.64,
      "gap_to_reference": -2.11,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Grèce",
      "value": -2.83,
      "gap_to_reference": -2.3,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "name": "Malte",
      "value": -3.2,
      "gap_to_reference": -2.67,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "name": "Irlande",
      "value": -3.89,
      "gap_to_reference": -3.36,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    }
  ]
}