{
  "study": {
    "slug": "poverty-risk-by-education-in-the-eu",
    "title": "In Every EU Country, the Risk of Poverty Falls as Education Rises",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/studies/poverty-risk-by-education-in-the-eu"
  },
  "table": 3,
  "language": "en",
  "caption": "Gap in poverty risk between the least educated and graduates, 2025",
  "valueHeading": "percentage points, ISCED 0-2 minus ISCED 5-8",
  "selection": "Three widest and three narrowest gaps among the 27 EU Member States, with the EU figure for reference.",
  "decimals": 1,
  "referenceLabel": "EU average",
  "note": "Derived by Silver Data Lab: the published rate for adults with at most lower secondary education minus the published rate for tertiary graduates. Bulgaria and Romania tie at 38.8 points.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "At-risk-of-poverty-rate, by highest level of education attained",
    "code": "tps00151",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "statinfo": "MED_EI",
      "isced11": "ED0-2, ED3_4, ED5-8",
      "rskpovth": "B_60",
      "sex": "T",
      "age": "Y_GE18",
      "unit": "PC"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-10-21",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-20",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/tps00151",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00151/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Croatia",
      "value": 40.2,
      "gap_to_reference": 21,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Bulgaria",
      "value": 38.8,
      "gap_to_reference": 19.6,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Romania",
      "value": 38.8,
      "gap_to_reference": 19.6,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "European Union",
      "value": 19.2,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Finland",
      "value": 13.4,
      "gap_to_reference": -5.8,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Malta",
      "value": 11.5,
      "gap_to_reference": -7.7,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Denmark",
      "value": 6,
      "gap_to_reference": -13.2,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    }
  ]
}