{
  "study": {
    "slug": "residence-permits-in-the-eu",
    "title": "More EU Residence Permits Are Held for Family Reasons Than for Work",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/studies/residence-permits-in-the-eu"
  },
  "table": 1,
  "language": "en",
  "caption": "Share of valid residence permits held for family reasons, 31 December 2025",
  "valueHeading": "% of valid permits (derived)",
  "selection": "Three highest and three lowest of the 27 Member States, with the EU figure for reference.",
  "decimals": 1,
  "referenceLabel": "EU figure",
  "note": "Derived by Silver Data Lab: permits held for family reasons divided by all valid permits, both as published, for each country and for the EU aggregate. In Slovenia, Latvia and Estonia most permits are recorded under other reasons, which the source does not break down. No value used carries a Eurostat flag.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "All valid permits by reason on 31 December of each year",
    "code": "tps00171",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "duration": "TOTAL",
      "reason": "TOTAL, FAM, EDUC, OCCUP, OTH",
      "unit": "PER",
      "citizen": "TOTAL"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-10-04",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-28",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/tps00171",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00171/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Belgium",
      "value": 56.2,
      "gap_to_reference": 23.8,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Luxembourg",
      "value": 51.5,
      "gap_to_reference": 19.1,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Sweden",
      "value": 51.1,
      "gap_to_reference": 18.7,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "European Union",
      "value": 32.4,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Slovenia",
      "value": 8.5,
      "gap_to_reference": -23.9,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Latvia",
      "value": 8,
      "gap_to_reference": -24.4,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Estonia",
      "value": 7.1,
      "gap_to_reference": -25.3,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    }
  ]
}