{
  "study": {
    "slug": "trade-openness-in-the-eu",
    "title": "The EU's Four Biggest Economies Export Less Than Most Others for Their Size",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/de/studien/handelsoffenheit-in-der-eu"
  },
  "table": 1,
  "language": "de",
  "caption": "Ausfuhren von Waren und Dienstleistungen, 2025",
  "valueHeading": "% des BIP",
  "selection": "Die drei höchsten und die drei niedrigsten EU-Mitgliedstaaten, mit dem EU-Gesamtwert als Bezugswert.",
  "decimals": 1,
  "referenceLabel": "EU insgesamt",
  "note": "Die EU-Zeile ist die Summe der 27 nationalen Werte und zählt daher den Handel zwischen Mitgliedstaaten als Ausfuhr. Sie ist nicht der Handel der Union mit der übrigen Welt.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "GDP and main components (output, expenditure and income)",
    "code": "nama_10_gdp",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "na_item": "P6, B1GQ",
      "unit": "CP_MEUR",
      "time": "2025"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-10-23",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-22",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/nama_10_gdp",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_gdp/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Luxemburg",
      "value": 202.7,
      "gap_to_reference": 153.1,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Irland",
      "value": 146.9,
      "gap_to_reference": 97.3,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Malta",
      "value": 130.3,
      "gap_to_reference": 80.7,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "Europäische Union",
      "value": 49.6,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Rumänien",
      "value": 35.2,
      "gap_to_reference": -14.4,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Frankreich",
      "value": 33.7,
      "gap_to_reference": -15.9,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Italien",
      "value": 31.6,
      "gap_to_reference": -18,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    }
  ]
}