{
  "study": {
    "slug": "unit-labour-costs-in-the-eu",
    "title": "Hungary's Labour Cost per Unit of Output Rose by Over Half in Five Years",
    "url": "https://www.silverdatalab.com/es/estudios/costes-laborales-unitarios-en-la-ue"
  },
  "table": 1,
  "language": "es",
  "caption": "Costes laborales unitarios nominales, 2025 (2020 = 100)",
  "valueHeading": "índice, 2020 = 100",
  "selection": "Los tres Estados miembros de la UE más altos y los tres más bajos, con el agregado de la UE como referencia.",
  "decimals": 1,
  "referenceLabel": "Media de la UE",
  "note": "El coste laboral unitario es lo que cuesta el trabajo por unidad de producción. Sube cuando los salarios crecen más deprisa que la productividad y baja cuando la productividad crece más deprisa que los salarios.",
  "derived": [
    "gap_to_reference"
  ],
  "flags": "source_flag carries the publisher's own status letters on the cell: p provisional, e estimated, b break in time series, d definition differs, u low reliability, i imputed",
  "source": {
    "publisher": "Eurostat",
    "dataset": "Labour productivity and unit labour costs",
    "code": "nama_10_lp_ulc",
    "filters": {
      "freq": "A",
      "unit": "I20",
      "na_item": "NULC_PER",
      "time": "2025"
    },
    "extractedOn": "2026-10-23",
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-22",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2908/nama_10_lp_ulc",
    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_lp_ulc/default/table?lang=en"
  },
  "licence": {
    "analysis": "CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "statistics": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright"
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "name": "Hungría",
      "value": 166.2,
      "gap_to_reference": 47.1,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": "p"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "name": "Lituania",
      "value": 155,
      "gap_to_reference": 35.9,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "name": "Bulgaria",
      "value": 154.5,
      "gap_to_reference": 35.4,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": null,
      "name": "Unión Europea",
      "value": 119.1,
      "gap_to_reference": null,
      "reference": true,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "name": "Italia",
      "value": 111,
      "gap_to_reference": -8.1,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": null
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "name": "Grecia",
      "value": 110.6,
      "gap_to_reference": -8.5,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": "p"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "name": "Chipre",
      "value": 109.1,
      "gap_to_reference": -10,
      "reference": false,
      "source_flag": "p"
    }
  ]
}