Annual industrial production volumes
- Eurostat dataset
- sts_inpr_a
- Reference period
- 2025
- Unit of measure
- index, 2021 = 100
Key estimates
- Highest value: Denmark at 128.8 index, 2021 = 100; lowest: Ukraine at 69.6 index, 2021 = 100.
- Cross-country mean 100.8 index, 2021 = 100, standard deviation 11.1, coefficient of variation 11.0% across 36 reporting countries.
- Aggregate change 2014→2025: +16.9% on a constant panel of 34 countries.
How has European industrial output moved since the 2021 base year? Eurostat dataset sts_inpr_a reports annual industrial production volumes for 36 reporting countries, with 2025 as the most recent period carrying broad coverage. Industrial production indices capture volume, not value, and therefore isolate real activity from price effects.
The five highest values in 2025 are recorded by Denmark (128.8), Ireland (122.4), Malta (116.6), Greece (112.7), Poland (112.5), all expressed in index, 2021 = 100. At the opposite end of the distribution sit Ukraine (69.6), Albania (84.7), Belgium (89.1), Estonia (91.0), Luxembourg (91.1). The ratio between the highest and the lowest observation is 1.85, while the median country reports 101.4 index, 2021 = 100 against a mean of 100.8 index, 2021 = 100.
Dispersion is narrow: the standard deviation across countries is 11.1 index, 2021 = 100, giving a coefficient of variation of 11.0%. The mean sits below the median, which indicates that the distribution is pulled by the lower tail rather than being symmetric. Any European average quoted for this indicator therefore describes a synthetic country that few Member States resemble.
Between 2014 and 2025 the summed value across the 34 countries reporting in both periods moved by +16.9%. The largest relative increases are observed in Poland (+61.2%), Lithuania (+60.4%), Türkiye (+57.2%); the largest decreases, or the smallest increases, in Luxembourg (-11.5%), Albania (-11.3%), Germany (-10.2%). Because the panel is held constant, this change is not an artefact of countries entering or leaving the sample.
Higher values are the policy-preferred direction for this indicator, so the countries listed at the bottom of the distribution mark the effective size of the European gap: closing it to the level of the fifth-ranked country would require the lowest performer to move by 42.9 index, 2021 = 100. The estimates above are reproducible: the dataset identifier, filter dimensions and reference period are stated in the methodological note, and the series can be re-downloaded from the Eurostat dissemination API at any time.
Methodological note
Source: Eurostat, dataset sts_inpr_a ('Production in industry - annual data'), extracted from the Eurostat dissemination API (JSON-stat 2.0) on the dataset update of 2026-07-21. Filter dimensions: nace_r2=B-D; s_adj=NSA; unit=I21. Unit of measure: index, 2021 = 100. Reference period: 2025. Geographic perimeter: national reporting units with two-character geo codes (36 countries with a non-missing observation); European and euro-area aggregates are excluded from the cross-country statistics and reported separately. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, population standard deviation, coefficient of variation) are computed unweighted over reporting countries. Change over time is computed on a constant panel: only countries with a non-missing observation in both the base and the reference period enter the calculation, which removes composition effects but may differ from the officially published aggregate. No imputation, seasonal adjustment or re-scaling has been applied beyond what Eurostat performs at source. Flagged provisional and estimated observations are retained as published.
Source data
The underlying series can be inspected and re-downloaded from the Eurostat data browser.