Renewable energy in the SDG monitoring framework
- Eurostat dataset
- sdg_07_40
- Reference period
- 2025
- Unit of measure
- % of gross final consumption
Key estimates
- EU aggregate (2025): 27.4 % of gross final consumption.
- Highest value: Norway at 122.0 % of gross final consumption; lowest: Malta at 11.2 % of gross final consumption.
- Cross-country mean 49.6 % of gross final consumption, standard deviation 23.8, coefficient of variation 48.1% across 30 reporting countries.
- Aggregate change 2014→2025: +737.3% on a constant panel of 30 countries.
How does renewable progress read through the SDG lens? Eurostat dataset sdg_07_40 reports renewable energy in the SDG monitoring framework for 30 reporting countries, with 2025 as the most recent period carrying broad coverage. The European aggregate stands at 27.4 % of gross final consumption. The SDG framework tracks the same renewable metric under a different governance perimeter, allowing consistency checks.
The five highest values in 2025 are recorded by Norway (122.0), Austria (90.8), Sweden (89.2), Denmark (77.7), Portugal (65.6), all expressed in % of gross final consumption. At the opposite end of the distribution sit Malta (11.2), Czechia (19.2), Moldova (22.3), Luxembourg (23.3), Slovakia (24.1). The ratio between the highest and the lowest observation is 10.89, while the median country reports 47.8 % of gross final consumption against a mean of 49.6 % of gross final consumption.
Dispersion is wide: the standard deviation across countries is 23.8 % of gross final consumption, giving a coefficient of variation of 48.1%. The mean sits above the median, which indicates that the distribution is pulled by the upper tail rather than being symmetric. Any European average quoted for this indicator therefore describes a synthetic country that few Member States resemble.
Between 2014 and 2025 the summed value across the 30 countries reporting in both periods moved by +737.3%. The largest relative increases are observed in Moldova (+12498.9%), Estonia (+9732.5%), Spain (+5827.7%); the largest decreases, or the smallest increases, in Finland (+134.6%), Malta (+140.0%), Czechia (+174.4%). Because the panel is held constant, this change is not an artefact of countries entering or leaving the sample.
Higher values are the policy-preferred direction for this indicator, so the countries listed at the bottom of the distribution mark the effective size of the European gap: closing it to the level of the fifth-ranked country would require the lowest performer to move by 54.4 % of gross final consumption. The estimates above are reproducible: the dataset identifier, filter dimensions and reference period are stated in the methodological note, and the series can be re-downloaded from the Eurostat dissemination API at any time.
Methodological note
Source: Eurostat, dataset sdg_07_40 ('Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption by sector'), extracted from the Eurostat dissemination API (JSON-stat 2.0) on the dataset update of 2026-07-14. Filter dimensions: unit=PC. Unit of measure: % of gross final consumption. Reference period: 2025. Geographic perimeter: national reporting units with two-character geo codes (30 countries with a non-missing observation); European and euro-area aggregates are excluded from the cross-country statistics and reported separately. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, population standard deviation, coefficient of variation) are computed unweighted over reporting countries. Change over time is computed on a constant panel: only countries with a non-missing observation in both the base and the reference period enter the calculation, which removes composition effects but may differ from the officially published aggregate. No imputation, seasonal adjustment or re-scaling has been applied beyond what Eurostat performs at source. Flagged provisional and estimated observations are retained as published.
Source data
The underlying series can be inspected and re-downloaded from the Eurostat data browser.