Young people in education, employment or training
- Eurostat dataset
- edat_lfse_20
- Reference period
- 2025
- Unit of measure
- % of population aged 15-29
Key estimates
- EU aggregate (2025): 11.0 % of population aged 15-29.
- Highest value: Türkiye at 26.3 % of population aged 15-29; lowest: Iceland at 4.20 % of population aged 15-29.
- Cross-country mean 11.3 % of population aged 15-29, standard deviation 4.73, coefficient of variation 41.7% across 34 reporting countries.
- Aggregate change 2014→2025: -29.0% on a constant panel of 33 countries.
How smooth is the school-to-work transition in Europe? Eurostat dataset edat_lfse_20 reports young people in education, employment or training for 34 reporting countries, with 2025 as the most recent period carrying broad coverage. The European aggregate stands at 11.0 % of population aged 15-29. The transition from school to work is where cohort disadvantage becomes permanent.
The five highest values in 2025 are recorded by Türkiye (26.3), North Macedonia (23.4), Bosnia and Herzegovina (20.0), Romania (19.2), Serbia (15.1), all expressed in % of population aged 15-29. At the opposite end of the distribution sit Iceland (4.20), Netherlands (5.30), Sweden (5.90), Norway (7.00), Slovenia (7.60). The ratio between the highest and the lowest observation is 6.26, while the median country reports 10.6 % of population aged 15-29 against a mean of 11.3 % of population aged 15-29.
Dispersion is wide: the standard deviation across countries is 4.73 % of population aged 15-29, giving a coefficient of variation of 41.7%. The mean sits above the median, which indicates that the distribution is pulled by the upper tail rather than being symmetric. Any European average quoted for this indicator therefore describes a synthetic country that few Member States resemble.
Between 2014 and 2025 the summed value across the 33 countries reporting in both periods moved by -29.0%. The largest relative increases are observed in Luxembourg (+35.4%), Switzerland (+13.0%), Denmark (+11.3%); the largest decreases, or the smallest increases, in Ireland (-54.5%), Croatia (-50.2%), Italy (-49.2%). Because the panel is held constant, this change is not an artefact of countries entering or leaving the sample.
Lower values are the policy-preferred direction, so the top of the distribution identifies where the burden concentrates: bringing the highest observation down to the median would remove 15.7 % of population aged 15-29 from the European total for that country alone. The estimates above are reproducible: the dataset identifier, filter dimensions and reference period are stated in the methodological note, and the series can be re-downloaded from the Eurostat dissemination API at any time.
Methodological note
Source: Eurostat, dataset edat_lfse_20 ('Young persons neither in employment nor in education and training by labour status (NEET rates)'), extracted from the Eurostat dissemination API (JSON-stat 2.0) on the dataset update of 2026-06-11. Filter dimensions: age=Y15-29; sex=T; unit=PC; wstatus=NEMP. Unit of measure: % of population aged 15-29. Reference period: 2025. Geographic perimeter: national reporting units with two-character geo codes (34 countries with a non-missing observation); European and euro-area aggregates are excluded from the cross-country statistics and reported separately. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, population standard deviation, coefficient of variation) are computed unweighted over reporting countries. Change over time is computed on a constant panel: only countries with a non-missing observation in both the base and the reference period enter the calculation, which removes composition effects but may differ from the officially published aggregate. No imputation, seasonal adjustment or re-scaling has been applied beyond what Eurostat performs at source. Flagged provisional and estimated observations are retained as published.
Source data
The underlying series can be inspected and re-downloaded from the Eurostat data browser.