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Economic globalisation

Foreign control of enterprises, cross-border services and external exposure.

Studies in this domain5
Data sourcesEurostat · European Central Bank
Ireland Pays Out More Income Abroad Than It Receives, a Net 28.6% of GDP
Economic globalisationReference period 2025

Ireland Pays Out More Income Abroad Than It Receives, a Net 28.6% of GDP

Ireland's net primary income outflow was 28.6% of GDP in 2025, second only to Luxembourg's 29.3%.

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Only Three EU Countries Hit the Aid Target of 0.7% of National Income
Economic globalisationReference period 2024

Only Three EU Countries Hit the Aid Target of 0.7% of National Income

EU official development assistance was 0.5% of gross national income in 2024.

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The Euro Is Worth Almost the Same in Dollars as at Its Launch
Economic globalisationReference period September 2026

The Euro Is Worth Almost the Same in Dollars as at Its Launch

The euro was worth 1.1608 dollars in January 1999 and 1.1513 in September 2026 — 0.8% lower after twenty-seven years.

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Three EU Countries Import More Than Their Entire Economies Produce
Economic globalisationReference period 2025

Three EU Countries Import More Than Their Entire Economies Produce

Imports of goods and services into the 27 Member States equalled 46.1% of their combined GDP in 2025.

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Greece's Public and Private Sectors Owe Foreigners a Net 116.6% of GDP
Economic globalisationMemberReference period 2025

Greece's Public and Private Sectors Owe Foreigners a Net 116.6% of GDP

Greek net external debt stood at 116.6% of GDP at the end of 2025, the highest in the Union.

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