Economy and finance
National accounts, prices and public finances: the core macroeconomic aggregates of the European economy.
In Two EU Countries, Households Spend More Than They Earn
EU households saved 14.5% of their gross disposable income in 2024.
One Interest Rate, Six Points of Inflation
Consumer prices across the EU rose 2.5% on annual average in 2025, and 2.1% in the euro area.
The ECB Spent Eight Years Below Zero, Then Raised Rates Faster Than Ever Before
The deposit facility rate stood at -0.50% from September 2019 until July 2022, the end of an eight-year period at or below zero that began in June 2014.
The EU's Two Fiscal Rules Catch Two Different Sets of Countries
EU general government debt stood at 81.7% of GDP in 2025, against a Treaty reference value of 60%.
The Two Richest Countries in the EU Are a Measurement Problem
Luxembourg records 239 and Ireland 238 against an EU average of 100 — more than double the Union's output per head.
Euro Area Money Has Shrunk Twice in Forty Years, and the Deeper Fall Was the Recent One
M3, the broadest measure of euro area money, contracted 1.27% in the year to August 2023 — the deepest fall in a series that starts in 1981.
One Currency, One Policy Rate, and 238 Basis Points Between Irish and Luxembourgish Firms
A business borrowing in Ireland pays 5.35% on a new loan; one borrowing in Luxembourg pays 2.97%.