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Population and social conditions
Demography, health and living conditions of the European population.
Studies in this domain5
Data sourceEurostat
Population and social conditionsReference period 2024
Latvian Women Outlive Latvian Men by a Decade
Life expectancy at birth across the EU was 81.5 years in 2024: 84.1 for women and 78.9 for men.
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Population and social conditionsReference period 2024
No EU Country Has Enough Children to Replace Itself
The EU total fertility rate was 1.34 children per woman in 2024, against the 2.1 conventionally taken as replacement level.
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Population and social conditionsReference period 2025
One in Five Europeans Is at Risk of Poverty or Exclusion
20.9% of the EU population was at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2025 — roughly one person in five.
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Population and social conditionsReference period 2025
Twenty-One EU Countries Now Bury More People Than They Deliver
The EU recorded 7.7 births and 10.7 deaths per thousand inhabitants in 2025: a natural change of −3.0.
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Population and social conditionsMemberReference period 2025
Croatia Has Average Poverty and the EU's Lowest Deprivation
12.0% of the EU population was materially and socially deprived in 2025, against 20.9% at risk of poverty or social exclusion.
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