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Luxembourg in the studies
Every ranking row in which Luxembourg appears — the rows each ranking publishes, a selection rather than every value the archive holds. Each figure links to the study that states it, where its dataset, filters and extraction date are declared.
51 figures in 46 studies
Agri-environmental indicators
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland's Government Sets Aside Just 20 Cents per Person for Farm ResearchMember | Government support to agricultural research, 2025euro per inhabitant | 1.2 | −7.3EU average | 2025 |
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Four Countries Produce More Than Half of the EU's Farm OutputMember | Value of agricultural output, 2025million euro | 634 | — | 2025 |
| More Than One Romanian Worker in Six Works in Agriculture | Employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing, 2025% of total employment | 0.8 | −3.0EU average | 2025 |
| The Prices EU Farmers Receive Have Risen by Two Fifths in Five Years | Price index of agricultural output deflated by consumer prices, 2025 (2020 = 100)real index, 2020 = 100 | 122.96 | — | 2025 |
Children and youth
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young Croatians Leave Their Parents' Home at 31.5 on Average | Difference between men's and women's age of leaving home, 2025years, men minus women | 0.6 | −1.1EU average | 2025 |
Circular economy indicators
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria Produces More Rubbish per Person Than Any Other EU Country | Municipal waste generated per person, 2023kg per inhabitant | 718 | +208EU average | 2023 |
| Italy's Packaging Waste per Person Is 2.9 Times Bulgaria's | Packaging waste generated per person, 2022kg per inhabitant | 232.7 | +46.3EU average | 2022 |
Climate change
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| One EU Method Counts More Than Twice the Danish Emissions Another Does | Emissions from production activities, 2024kg CO2 equivalent per inhabitant | 11,754 | +5,920EU average | 2024 |
Economic globalisation
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland Pays Out More Income Abroad Than It Receives, a Net 28.6% of GDP | Primary income balance, 2025% of GDP | -28.7 | — | 2025 |
| Only Three EU Countries Hit the Aid Target of 0.7% of National Income | Official development assistance, 2024% of gross national income | 1.00 | +0.50EU figure | 2024 |
| Three EU Countries Import More Than Their Entire Economies Produce | Imports of goods and services, 2025% of GDP | 170.6 | +124.5EU total | 2025 |
Economy and finance
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP per Head Makes Luxembourg and Ireland Look Richer Than They Are | GDP per capita in purchasing power standards, 2025Index, EU27 = 100 | 239 | +139EU average | 2025 |
| Greece Has the EU's Highest Debt Relative to GDP and a Budget Surplus | General government debt, 2025% of GDP | 26.0 | −55.5EU average | 2025 |
Employment and social policy
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany's Legal Minimum Wage Buys More Than Any Other in the EU | Monthly minimum wage in euros, second half of 2026EUR per month | 2,771 | — | Second half of 2026 |
| Germany's Legal Minimum Wage Buys More Than Any Other in the EU | The same minimum wages in purchasing power standards, second half of 2026PPS per month | 2,108 | — | Second half of 2026 |
Environment and energy
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malta Imports 98% of Its Energy, the Most in the EUMember | Energy import dependency, 2024% of gross available energy | 91.0 | +33.7EU average | 2024 |
| Sweden's Forests Absorb More Greenhouse Gas Than Its Economy Emits | Net greenhouse gas emissions per capita, 2024Tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person | 10.1 | — | 2024 |
Equality and non-discrimination
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Luxembourg, Women Are Paid More Than Men | Gender pay gap, unadjusted, 2024% below male hourly earnings | -0.8 | −11.9EU average | 2024 |
Euro indicators and PEEIs
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU Industrial Output Is Where It Was Four Years Ago | Industrial production, 2025 (2021 = 100)index, 2021 = 100 | 91.3 | −9.1EU average | 2025 |
| In One Year, EU Services Prices Rose While Energy Prices FellMember | Services price inflation, 2025annual average % change | 2.5 | −1.2EU average | 2025 |
General and regional statistics
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France Has Both the EU's Poorest Region and One of Its RichestMember | Regional GDP per capita, 2024purchasing power standards per inhabitant | 97,700 | +57,800EU average | 2024 |
Industry, trade and services
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27.5% of Greek Residents' Trips Last One to Three Nights, the EU's Lowest | Share of residents' trips lasting one to three nights, 2025% of trips (derived) | 41.9 | −13.5EU share | 2025 |
| 27.5% of Greek Residents' Trips Last One to Three Nights, the EU's Lowest | Share of residents' personal trips lasting one to three nights, 2025% of personal trips (derived) | 38.6 | −14.5EU share | 2025 |
| Luxembourg's Residents Spend Nearly All Their Holiday Nights Abroad | Share of residents' personal-trip nights spent abroad, 2025% of nights | 97.1 | +50.9EU share | 2025 |
| Manufacturing Is a Smaller Part of France's Economy Than of Bulgaria's | Manufacturing share of gross value added, 2025% of gross value added | 4.6 | −11.2EU average | 2025 |
| Nearly Half of Slovak Private-Sector Jobs Are in Firms With Under Ten Staff | Share of business-economy employment in enterprises with fewer than 10 persons employed, 2024% of persons employed | 16.3 | −13.3EU share | 2024 |
| Shoppers in Eight EU Countries Buy Less Than They Did Four Years AgoMember | Volume of retail sales, 2025 (2021 = 100)index, 2021 = 100 | 137.6 | +34.2EU average | 2025 |
International trade
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU Countries Sell 61.1% of Their Goods Exports to Each Other | Share of goods exports going to other Member States, 2025% of goods exports | 83.1 | +22.0EU average | 2025 |
| Germany Buys More Services From Abroad Than It SellsMember | Balance of trade in services, 2025% of GDP | 29.7 | — | 2025 |
| The EU's Four Biggest Economies Export Less Than Most Others for Their Size | Exports of goods and services, 2025% of GDP | 202.7 | +153.1EU total | 2025 |
| This Decade, Most EU States' Imports Got Dearer Faster Than Their Exports | Terms of trade in goods, 2025index, 2021 = 100 | 92.8 | — | 2025 |
| This Decade, Most EU States' Imports Got Dearer Faster Than Their Exports | Change in the terms of trade in goods between 2022 and 2025index points (derived) | -8.5 | — | 2025 |
Migrant integration
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Greece, 85.3% of Working Non-EU Citizens With a Degree Are OverqualifiedMember | Over-qualification rate of non-EU citizens, 2025% of employed graduates | 17.0 | −24.4EU average | 2025 |
| More EU Residence Permits Are Held for Family Reasons Than for Work | Share of valid residence permits held for family reasons, 31 December 2025% of valid permits (derived) | 51.5 | +21.5EU figure | 31 December 2025 |
| Non-EU Immigrants Are Less Likely to Be in Work Than the Native-Born | Employment gap between the native-born and the non-EU-born, aged 20-64, 2025percentage points | -0.4 | −9.0EU figure | 2025 |
Population and social conditions
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths Outnumber Births in Twenty-One EU Countries | Crude death rate, 2025Deaths per 1,000 inhabitants | 6.4 | −4.3EU average | 2025 |
| Italy Spends a Larger Share of GDP on Pensions Than Any Other EU Country | Change in expenditure on pensions, 2013 to 2024percentage points of GDP, 2024 minus 2013 | 1.11 | +1.69EU figure | 2024 |
| Poland Gives Families More of Its Social Spending Than Any Other EU Country | Family and children benefits as a share of all social benefits, 2025% of social benefits | 13.9 | +5.2EU share | 2025 |
| Poland Gives Families More of Its Social Spending Than Any Other EU Country | Family and children benefits per inhabitant, 2025PPS per inhabitant | 2,882 | +1,885EU figure | 2025 |
| The Share of People in Malta Without Maltese Citizenship Has Quadrupled | Residents without the citizenship of the country they live in, 1 January 2025% of the resident population (derived) | 47.0 | +37.0EU share | 1 January 2025 |
Quality of employment
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Bulgarian Worker Produces Less Than Half as Much as a BelgianMember | Labour productivity per person employed, 2025index, EU27 = 100 | 156.3 | +56.3EU average | 2025 |
Quality of life
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| More Than a Third of Dutch Adults Do Voluntary Work | Participation in formal voluntary activities, 2022% of adults aged 16 and over | 25.1 | +12.8EU average | 2022 |
Science, technology and digital society
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 37.5% of EU Jobs Are in Sectors Where Many Workers Have a DegreeMember | Employment in knowledge-intensive activities, 2025% of total employment | 62.7 | +25.2EU average | 2025 |
| One in Twenty European Workers Is an ICT Specialist | ICT specialists as a share of employment, 2025% of total employment | 8.7 | +3.7EU average | 2025 |
Skills-related statistics
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Degree Is Three Times as Common Among Adults in Ireland as in Romania | Tertiary educational attainment, aged 25-64, 2025% of population aged 25-64 | 55.7 | +18.8EU average | 2025 |
| In No EU Country Do Women Graduate in STEM as Often as Men | Tertiary graduates in STEM fields per 1,000 residents aged 20-29, 2024graduates per 1,000 | 5.6 | −17.4EU average | 2024 |
| In No EU Country Do Women Graduate in STEM as Often as Men | Female tertiary graduates in STEM fields per 1,000 women aged 20-29, 2024graduates per 1,000 | 3.9 | −12.0EU average | 2024 |
Sustainable development indicators
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria Relies More on Green Taxes Than Any Other EU CountryMember | Environmental taxes as a share of tax revenue, 2024% of total tax revenue | 2.9 | −2.4EU average | 2024 |
| Bulgaria's GDP per Person Is About a Third of the EU Average | Real GDP per capita, 2025euro per inhabitant, 2020 prices | 102,840 | +68,590EU average | 2025 |
| Romania Uses Less Energy per Person Than Any Other EU Country | Final energy consumption per person, 2024tonnes of oil equivalent per inhabitant | 5.21 | +3.21EU average | 2024 |
Transport
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania Moves More of Its Freight by Rail Than Any Other EU Country | Share of inland freight carried by inland waterways, 2024% of tonne-kilometres | 8.0 | +2.8EU average | 2024 |