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Luxembourg in the studies
Every ranking row in which Luxembourg appears — the rows each ranking publishes, a selection rather than every value the archive holds. Each figure links to the study that states it, where its dataset, filters and extraction date are declared.
41 figures in 39 studies
Agri-environmental indicators
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland Spends 20 Cents per Person on Farm Research. The Netherlands Spends 28 Euro.Member | Government support to agricultural research, 2025euro per inhabitant | 1.2 | −7.3EU average | 2025 |
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Farm-Gate Prices Are Two Fifths Above Their 2020 Level in the EU, and Two Thirds Above It in Ireland | Price index of agricultural output deflated by consumer prices, 2025 (2020 = 100)real index, 2020 = 100 | 122.96 | — | 2025 |
| Four Countries Produce More Than Half of Europe's Farm OutputMember | Value of agricultural output, 2025million euro | 634 | — | 2025 |
| One Romanian Worker in Six Is in Agriculture, for a Thirtieth of the Country's Output | Employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing, 2025% of total employment | 0.8 | −2.9EU average | 2025 |
Children and youth
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young Croatians Leave the Parental Home at 31.5, Young Finns at 21.3 | Difference between men's and women's age of leaving home, 2025years, men minus women | 0.6 | −1.1EU average | 2025 |
Circular economy indicators
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austrians Throw Away Two and a Half Times as Much as Romanians | Municipal waste generated per person, 2023kg per inhabitant | 718 | +207EU average | 2023 |
Climate change
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| One Official Measure Puts Denmark's Emissions at More Than Double the Other | Emissions from production activities, 2024kg CO2 equivalent per inhabitant | 11,754 | +5,920EU average | 2024 |
Economic globalisation
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland Sends Abroad Income Worth 31% of Its Economy Every Year | Primary income balance, 2025% of GDP | -29.1 | — | 2025 |
| Nineteen EU Economies Import More Than the Union Average. The Four Largest Do Not. | Imports of goods and services, 2025% of GDP | 159.4 | +113.3EU total | 2025 |
| Three EU Countries Meet the 0.7% Aid Target. Cyprus Gives 0.04%. | Official development assistance, 2024% of gross national income | 1.00 | +0.50EU average | 2024 |
Economy and finance
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| One Currency, One Policy Rate, and 238 Basis Points Between Irish and Luxembourgish FirmsMember | Interest rate on new business loans, July 2026% per annum | 2.97 | −0.75Euro area | July 2026 |
| The EU's Two Fiscal Rules Catch Two Different Sets of Countries | General government debt, 2025% of GDP | 26.5 | −55.2EU average | 2025 |
| The Two Richest Countries in the EU Are a Measurement Problem | GDP per capita in purchasing power standards, 2025Index, EU27 = 100 | 239 | +139EU average | 2025 |
Employment and social policy
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe's Minimum Wage Gap Halves When You Adjust for Prices | Monthly minimum wage in euros, second half of 2026EUR per month | 2,771 | — | Second half of 2026 |
| Europe's Minimum Wage Gap Halves When You Adjust for Prices | The same minimum wages in purchasing power standards, second half of 2026PPS per month | 2,108 | — | Second half of 2026 |
Environment and energy
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malta Imports 98% of Its Energy. Estonia Imports 5%.Member | Energy import dependency, 2024% of gross available energy | 91.0 | +33.7EU average | 2024 |
| Sweden's Net Emissions Are Below Zero. Three Countries Emit More Than in 1990. | Net greenhouse gas emissions per capita, 2024Tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person | 10.1 | — | 2024 |
Equality and non-discrimination
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Luxembourg, Women Are Paid More Than Men | Gender pay gap, unadjusted, 2024% below male hourly earnings | -0.8 | −11.9EU average | 2024 |
Euro indicators and PEEIs
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU Industry Has Produced Nothing Extra in Four Years. Germany Has Shrunk. | Industrial production, 2025 (2021 = 100)index, 2021 = 100 | 91.9 | −8.5EU average | 2025 |
| Services Inflation Is the Part That Has Not Come DownMember | Services price inflation, 2025annual average % change | 2.5 | −1.2EU average | 2025 |
General and regional statistics
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prague Is Twice as Rich as the EU Average. Two Hours Away, the Czech Region of Severozápad Is Below Two Thirds.Member | Regional GDP per capita, 2023purchasing power standards per inhabitant | 95,100 | +56,700EU average | 2023 |
Industry, trade and services
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eight EU Countries Are Selling Less at Retail Than Four Years AgoMember | Volume of retail sales, 2025 (2021 = 100)index, 2021 = 100 | 137.3 | +33.9EU average | 2025 |
| France Manufactures a Smaller Share of Its Economy Than Bulgaria | Manufacturing share of gross value added, 2025% of gross value added | 4.1 | −11.7EU average | 2025 |
| Micro-Enterprises Employ Nearly Half of Slovakia's Business Workforce and Under a Fifth of Germany's | Share of business-economy employment in enterprises with fewer than 10 persons employed, 2024% of persons employed | 16.3 | — | 2024 |
International trade
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe's Industrial Powers Are Net Importers of ServicesMember | Balance of trade in services, 2025% of GDP | 32.6 | — | 2025 |
| The EU's Four Largest Economies Are Among Its Least Open | Exports of goods and services, 2025% of GDP | 190.5 | +140.9EU total | 2025 |
| Three Fifths of EU Exports Never Leave the EU | Share of goods exports going to other Member States, 2025% of goods exports | 83.1 | +22.1EU average | 2025 |
Macroeconomic imbalance procedure
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portuguese Housing Is 23% More Expensive Relative to Income Than Its Own Long-Run Norm | House price-to-income ratio against long-term average, 2024index, own long-term average = 100 | 118.6 | +19.7EU average | 2024 |
Migrant integration
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employment of Non-EU-Born Adults Trails the Native-Born by 8.6 Points in the EU and by 16.9 in Finland | Employment gap between the native-born and the non-EU-born, aged 20-64, 2025percentage points | -0.4 | −9.0EU average | 2025 |
Population and social conditions
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Twenty-One EU Countries Now Bury More People Than They Deliver | Crude death rate, 2025Deaths per 1,000 inhabitants | 6.4 | −4.3EU average | 2025 |
Quality of employment
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Worker in Bulgaria Produces Less Than Half of What a Worker in Belgium DoesMember | Labour productivity per person employed, 2025index, EU27 = 100 | 153.3 | +53.3EU average | 2025 |
Quality of life
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| One Dutch Adult in Three Volunteers. In Bulgaria It Is One in Thirty. | Participation in formal voluntary activities, 2022% of adults aged 16 and over | 25.1 | +12.8EU average | 2022 |
Science, technology and digital society
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| One in Twenty European Workers Is an ICT Specialist | ICT specialists as a share of employment, 2025% of total employment | 8.7 | +3.7EU average | 2025 |
| Three in Eight European Jobs Are Knowledge-IntensiveMember | Employment in knowledge-intensive activities, 2025% of total employment | 62.7 | +25.2EU average | 2025 |
Skills-related statistics
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland and Finland Lead the EU in STEM Graduates, and Nowhere Do Women Outnumber Men | Tertiary graduates in STEM fields per 1,000 residents aged 20-29, 2024graduates per 1,000 | 5.6 | −17.4EU average | 2024 |
| Ireland and Finland Lead the EU in STEM Graduates, and Nowhere Do Women Outnumber Men | Female tertiary graduates in STEM fields per 1,000 women aged 20-29, 2024graduates per 1,000 | 3.9 | −12.0EU average | 2024 |
| Ireland Has Three Times Romania's Share of Graduates | Tertiary educational attainment, aged 25-64, 2025% of population aged 25-64 | 55.7 | +18.8EU average | 2025 |
Sustainable development indicators
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgarians Produce a Third of the EU Average and a Ninth of Luxembourg | Real GDP per capita, 2025euro per inhabitant, 2020 prices | 100,380 | +66,180EU average | 2025 |
| Luxembourg Uses Four Times as Much Energy per Person as Romania | Primary energy consumption per person, 2024tonnes of oil equivalent per inhabitant | 5.21 | +3.21EU average | 2024 |
| The EU Countries Raising Most From Green Taxes Are Not the Ones Taxing Pollution HardestMember | Environmental taxes as a share of tax revenue, 2024% of total tax revenue | 2.9 | −2.4EU average | 2024 |
Transport
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rail Moves One Sixth of the EU's Inland Freight and Almost None of Ireland's | Share of inland freight carried by inland waterways, 2024% of tonne-kilometres | 8.0 | +2.8EU average | 2024 |