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Romania in the studies
Every ranking row in which Romania appears — the rows each ranking publishes, a selection rather than every value the archive holds. Each figure links to the study that states it, where its dataset, filters and extraction date are declared.
63 figures in 56 studies
Agri-environmental indicators
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland's Government Sets Aside Just 20 Cents per Person for Farm ResearchMember | Government support to agricultural research, 2025euro per inhabitant | 1.0 | −7.5EU average | 2025 |
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| More Than One Romanian Worker in Six Works in Agriculture | Employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing, 2025% of total employment | 17.7 | +13.9EU average | 2025 |
| Three Quarters of Irish Farm Output Comes From Animals | Animal goods as a share of agricultural output, 2025% of agricultural output | 30.5 | −13.9EU average | 2025 |
Children and youth
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| One in Nine Young Europeans Is Neither Working Nor StudyingMember | Young people not in employment, education or training, aged 15-29, 2025% of population aged 15-29 | 19.2 | +8.2EU average | 2025 |
| Spain's Children Face the EU's Highest Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion | Children at risk of poverty or social exclusion, 2025% of population under 18 | 32.4 | +8.1EU average | 2025 |
| Sweden's Youth Unemployment Is Higher Than Greece's | Youth unemployment rate, aged 15-24, 2025% of the labour force aged 15-24 | 26.1 | +10.9EU average | 2025 |
| Young Croatians Leave Their Parents' Home at 31.5 on Average | Difference between men's and women's age of leaving home, 2025years, men minus women | 4.1 | +2.4EU average | 2025 |
Circular economy indicators
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria Produces More Rubbish per Person Than Any Other EU Country | Municipal waste generated per person, 2023kg per inhabitant | 305 | −205EU average | 2023 |
| Recycling Supplies Just 12.2% of the Materials the EU UsesMember | Circular material use rate, 2024% of material use | 1.3 | −10.9EU average | 2024 |
Economy and finance
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece Has the EU's Highest Debt Relative to GDP and a Budget Surplus | Government budget balance, 2025% of GDP, surplus positive | -7.8 | −4.7EU average | 2025 |
| In Two EU Countries, Households Spend More Than They Earn | Gross household saving rate, 2025% of gross disposable income | -0.4 | −14.7EU average | 2025 |
| Prices Rose Eight Times Faster in Romania Than in Cyprus | Consumer price inflation, annual average, 2025Annual average rate of change (%) | 6.8 | +4.3EU average | 2025 |
Employment and social policy
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employment Rates Vary Far More Between EU Regions Than Between Countries | Employment rate, people aged 20-64, 2025Employment rate (%) | 69.0 | −7.1EU average | 2025 |
| Germany's Legal Minimum Wage Buys More Than Any Other in the EU | Monthly minimum wage in euros, second half of 2026EUR per month | 825 | — | Second half of 2026 |
Environment and energy
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany's Recycling Rate Is 5.5 Times Romania's | Recycling rate of municipal waste, 2023% of municipal waste | 12.4 | −35.5EU average | 2023 |
| Sweden's Forests Absorb More Greenhouse Gas Than Its Economy Emits | Net greenhouse gas emissions against 1990, 2024Index, 1990 = 100 | 27.7 | — | 2024 |
| Sweden's Forests Absorb More Greenhouse Gas Than Its Economy Emits | Net greenhouse gas emissions per capita, 2024Tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person | 3.4 | — | 2024 |
Equality and non-discrimination
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Every EU Country, the Risk of Poverty Falls as Education Rises | At-risk-of-poverty rate, tertiary graduates, 2025% of adults aged 18+ in the group | 1.0 | −6.7EU average | 2025 |
| In Every EU Country, the Risk of Poverty Falls as Education Rises | Gap in poverty risk between the least educated and graduates, 2025percentage points, ISCED 0-2 minus ISCED 5-8 | 38.8 | +19.6EU average | 2025 |
| In Luxembourg, Women Are Paid More Than Men | Gender pay gap, unadjusted, 2024% below male hourly earnings | 3.7 | −7.4EU average | 2024 |
| Lithuania Is the Only EU Country Where Women's Employment Exceeds Men's | Gender employment gap, aged 20-64, 2025Percentage points | 18.7 | +9.1EU average | 2025 |
Euro indicators and PEEIs
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy Prices Fell on Average in the EU but Rose 7.6% in Austria | Energy price inflation, 2025annual average % change | 7.5 | +8.1EU average | 2025 |
| Food Prices Rose 6.7% in Romania and Not at All in Cyprus | Food price inflation, 2025annual average % change | 6.7 | +3.9EU average | 2025 |
| In One Year, EU Services Prices Rose While Energy Prices FellMember | Services price inflation, 2025annual average % change | 8.0 | +4.3EU average | 2025 |
European pillar of social rights
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Most Danish Children Under Three Are in Full-Time Childcare | Children under 3 in formal childcare, 30 hours or more, 2025% of children under 3 | 6.7 | −19.4EU average | 2025 |
Housing
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany Is the Only EU Country Where Most People Do Not Own Their Home | Population living in owner-occupied housing, 2025% of population | 93.2 | +24.7EU average | 2025 |
| In the Netherlands, 39.7% of Over-65s Still Live in a Mortgaged HomeMember | People aged 65 and over living in an owner-occupied home with a mortgage or housing loan outstanding, 2025% of people aged 65 and over | 0.0 | −7.6EU average | 2025 |
| More Than One Latvian in Nine Lives in a Crowded, Run-Down Home | Severe housing deprivation, 2023% of population | 9.6 | +5.6EU average | 2023 |
| Two in Five Romanians Live in an Overcrowded Home | Overcrowding rate, 2025% of population | 40.4 | +23.6EU average | 2025 |
Industry, trade and services
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| For Its Population, Croatia Has the Most Tourist Overnight Stays in the EU | Tourist nights per 1,000 inhabitants, 2025nights per 1,000 inhabitants | 1,561 | −5,418EU average | 2025 |
| Luxembourg's Residents Spend Nearly All Their Holiday Nights Abroad | Share of residents' personal-trip nights spent abroad, 2025% of nights | 17.3 | −28.9EU share | 2025 |
| Most EU Countries Still Make Fewer Business Trips Than Before the PandemicMember | Business trips as a share of all trips made by residents, 2025% of trips (derived) | 1.8 | −8.9EU share | 2025 |
International trade
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The EU's Four Biggest Economies Export Less Than Most Others for Their Size | Exports of goods and services, 2025% of GDP | 35.2 | −14.4EU total | 2025 |
Macroeconomic imbalance procedure
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark Has the EU's Biggest Surplus With the World, at 12.3% of GDP | Current account balance, 2025% of GDP | -7.4 | — | 2025 |
| Portugal's Homes Are Harder to Afford Than Usual by the EU's Widest Margin | House price-to-income ratio against long-term average, 2025index, own long-term average = 100 | 47.0 | −53.0EU average | 2025 |
Migrant integration
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| More EU Residence Permits Are Held for Family Reasons Than for Work | Share of valid residence permits held for employment, 31 December 2025% of valid permits (derived) | 65.5 | +47.3EU figure | 31 December 2025 |
Population and social conditions
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatians Are the Least Likely in the EU to Go Without EssentialsMember | Material and social deprivation rate, 2025% of population | 26.8 | +14.8EU average | 2025 |
| In 19 EU Countries the State Is the Single Biggest Source of Welfare FundsMember | General government contributions to social protection, 2024% of GDP | 5.76 | −6.32EU average | 2024 |
| In 19 EU Countries the State Is the Single Biggest Source of Welfare FundsMember | Employers' social contributions, 2024% of GDP | 1.66 | −8.66EU average | 2024 |
| In 19 EU Countries the State Is the Single Biggest Source of Welfare FundsMember | Social contributions paid by protected persons, 2024% of GDP | 10.95 | +4.83EU average | 2024 |
| In 19 EU Countries the State Is the Single Biggest Source of Welfare FundsMember | Share of social protection receipts provided by employers, 2024% of receipts, derived | 9.0 | −26.0EU average | 2024 |
| Latvian Women Outlive Latvian Men by 9.8 Years, the Widest Gap in the EU | Life expectancy at birth, 2024Years | 76.5 | −5.0EU average | 2024 |
| One in Five Europeans Is at Risk of Poverty or Exclusion | At risk of poverty or social exclusion, 2025% of population | 27.4 | +6.5EU average | 2025 |
| The Share of People in Malta Without Maltese Citizenship Has Quadrupled | Residents without the citizenship of the country they live in, 1 January 2025% of the resident population (derived) | 1.9 | −8.1EU share | 1 January 2025 |
Quality of employment
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.8% of Bulgarians With a Job Are Poor, the Highest Share in the EU | In-work at-risk-of-poverty rate, 2025% of employed aged 18-64 | 10.7 | +2.4EU average | 2025 |
| More Than One Dutch Employee in Five Is on a Temporary Contract | Employees on temporary contracts, 2025% of employees aged 20-64 | 1.8 | −9.7EU average | 2025 |
| Nearly Four in Ten Dutch Workers Are Part-Time | Part-time employment, 2025% of employed aged 20-64 | 2.3 | −14.7EU average | 2025 |
Quality of life
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| More Than a Third of Dutch Adults Do Voluntary Work | Participation in formal voluntary activities, 2022% of adults aged 16 and over | 3.9 | −8.4EU average | 2022 |
| Romanians Rate Their Lives Higher Than Germans Do | Mean life satisfaction, 2024rating, 0 to 10 | 7.7 | +0.5EU average | 2024 |
Science, technology and digital society
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 37.5% of EU Jobs Are in Sectors Where Many Workers Have a DegreeMember | Employment in knowledge-intensive activities, 2025% of total employment | 24.0 | −13.5EU average | 2025 |
| In Four EU Countries, Over 80% of People Have Basic Digital Skills | Basic or above basic digital skills, 2025% of individuals | 31.8 | −28.6EU average | 2025 |
| Italy Shops Online Less Than Any Large EU Economy | Bought goods or services online in the last three months, 2025% of individuals | 41.5 | −20.9EU average | 2025 |
| One in Twenty European Workers Is an ICT Specialist | ICT specialists as a share of employment, 2025% of total employment | 2.7 | −2.3EU average | 2025 |
| Sweden Spends More on Research Than Romania Mainly Because Its Companies Do | Research and development spending, all sectors, 2024% of GDP | 0.5 | −1.8EU average | 2024 |
| Sweden Spends More on Research Than Romania Mainly Because Its Companies Do | Research performed by business, 2024% of GDP | 0.3 | −1.2EU average | 2024 |
Skills-related statistics
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Degree Is Three Times as Common Among Adults in Ireland as in Romania | Tertiary educational attainment, aged 25-64, 2025% of population aged 25-64 | 19.5 | −17.4EU average | 2025 |
| Germany Has the EU's Second-Worst School Dropout Rate | Early leavers from education and training, aged 18-24, 2025% of population aged 18-24 | 15.5 | +6.4EU average | 2025 |
| Only 9.1% of Romanian Vocational Graduates Had a Month's Workplace Training | Recent vocational graduates who had spent at least a month in a workplace as part of their course, 2025% of recent vocational graduates aged 20-34 | 9.1 | −56.9EU figure | 2025 |
| Only 9.1% of Romanian Vocational Graduates Had a Month's Workplace Training | Change in the share of recent vocational graduates with at least a month in a workplace, 2021 to 2025percentage points (derived) | 2.0 | — | 2025 |
Sustainable development indicators
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria's GDP per Person Is About a Third of the EU Average | Real GDP per capita, 2025euro per inhabitant, 2020 prices | 13,300 | −20,950EU average | 2025 |
| Romania Uses Less Energy per Person Than Any Other EU Country | Final energy consumption per person, 2024tonnes of oil equivalent per inhabitant | 1.23 | −0.77EU average | 2024 |
Transport
| Study | Indicator | Value | Gap to referencederived | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Romania the Risk of Dying on the Road Is Nearly Four Times Sweden's | Road traffic deaths, 2024Deaths per 100,000 inhabitants | 7.8 | +3.4EU average | 2024 |
| Lithuania Moves More of Its Freight by Rail Than Any Other EU Country | Share of inland freight carried by inland waterways, 2024% of tonne-kilometres | 23.4 | +18.2EU average | 2024 |